Report Urges Americans to Reduce Sodium

Wed Feb 11/2004 ET

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By LAURAN NEERGAARD, AP Medical Writer

WASHINGTON - Americans eat more than twice the salt they should but don't get enough potassium, an imbalance that fuels high blood pressure.

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So says a long-awaited nutrition report, released Wednesday by the Institute of Medicine (news - web sites), that sets the nation's recommended intake levels of key nutrients.

Heart specialists praised the new salt recommendation while food manufacturers deemed it unrealistic. Three-quarters of Americans' daily salt intake comes from sodium hidden in common processed and restaurant foods, such as frozen dinners and spaghetti sauce.

While factors such as weight and exercise play a role, salt and blood pressure go hand-in-hand: Eat too much, blood pressure rises. Eat less, it drops. Some 50 million Americans have high blood pressure � putting them at risk for heart attacks, strokes and kidney disease � and another 45 million are pre-hypertensive.

Food labels today set daily sodium consumption at 2,400 milligrams, the equivalent of a heaping teaspoon of salt.

The new recommendation is that most people get just 1,500 milligrams a day.

Yet women today eat, on average, twice that amount, men even more.

"We don't have our heads in the sand on this one," said Dr. Lawrence Appel, who co-authored the guidelines for the institute, an independent scientific organization that advises the government. "We realize where we are is quite a distance from where we should be ... and there are commercial interests that don't want this to happen."

"People can cook and prepare Western-style diets that are at that level" even though "it will take work right now," said Appel, a professor of medicine at Johns Hopkins University.

Food makers countered that consumers will give up when faced with such strict levels.

"Dietary recommendations for all Americans need to be realistic," said Stephanie Childs of the Grocery Manufacturers of America.

The Institute of Medicine report also:

_Lists 2,300 milligrams of sodium as a maximal upper limit for the average adult's good health, but stresses that eating more than 1,500 is not recommended for anyone. In fact, because blood pressure rises with age, it says people over 50 should strive to eat just 1,300 milligrams a day,